Induction Chemotherapy (Cisplatin + 5-Fluorouracil) and Radiotherapy in Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

Abstract

A phase 11 study was made of 58 consecutive patients with previously untreated locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. The induction chemotherapy consisted of 3 courses of cisplatin (100mg/m²) and a subsequent 120-h infusion of 5-fluorouracil (1 000 mg/m²/24 h) repeated every 3 weeks. It was followed by radiotherapy to a median target dose of 66 Gy and surgery for residual tumour. A total of 91 per cent received all 3 courses of chemotherapy, which was well tolerated. Complete response (CR) was obtained in 20 patients (35%) after chemotherapy and in 40 patients (69%) after subsequent radiotherapy. The median observation time was 28 months (range 15–57). The actuarial survival at 2 years for complete responders to chemotherapy was 83 per cent, implying a prolonged survival (p = 0.002) compared to those with less than CR. Complete responders after chemotherapy had also a significantly longer recurrence-free survival, though 19 out of 20 did not undergo surgery. Complete response after this induction therapy is thus an important prognostic predictor.