Impact of asymptomatic bacteriuria on the outcomes and tolerability of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin immunotherapy

Antti Nummi; Pertti Nurminen; Olli Kesti; Mikael Högerman; Otto Ettala; Peter J. Boström; Antti Kaipia; Jukka Sairanen; Riikka Järvinen

doi:10.2340/sju.v61.45539

Authors

Antti Nummi Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Pertti Nurminen Department of Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
Olli Kesti Department of Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
Mikael Högerman Department of Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
Otto Ettala Department of Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
Peter J. Boström Department of Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
Antti Kaipia Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
Jukka Sairanen Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Riikka Järvinen Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.2340/sju.v61.45539

Keywords:

asymptomatic bacteriuria, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer, tolerability, adverse effects, complications, BCG infection

Abstract

Objective: To determine whether asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) prior to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy has an impact on the oncological results and overall tolerability of BCG treatment in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Materials and methods: We analyzed retrospectively all patients who received ≥ 1 BCG instillations as treatment of NMIBC in Helsinki University Hospital and Turku University Hospital during 2009–2018. Patients submitted urine specimen 1–7 days prior to the initiation of BCG therapy. ABU was classified as having any positive urine culture but no dysuria or fever. Our primary endpoints were 5-yr recurrence-free survival and progression-free survival. Discontinuation rate of BCG therapy was a secondary endpoint.

Results: We identified 795 patients, of whom 154 (19%) had ABU prior to the first BCG instillation. The 5-yr recurrence-free survival rates in the uninfected and bacteriuric groups were 63% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 59–67%) vs. 69% (95% CI: 62–78%), respectively (hazard ratio [HR] 0.83, 95% CI 0.60–1.14). The 5-yr progression-free survival rates were 88% (95% CI: 86–90%) vs. 89% (95% CI: 84–94%), respectively (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.50–1.49). The 3-yr discontinuation-free survival rates were 51% (95% CI: 47–54%) vs. 51% (95% CI: 44–60%), respectively (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.75–1.28).

Conclusion: ABU did not significantly affect BCG immunotherapy outcomes. Intravesical BCG during ABU is safe, with similar discontinuation rates, indicating very similar treatment tolerability.

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