Lifestyle, anthropometric factors and clinically significant prostate cancer diagnosis in men with suspected prostate cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2340/sju.v61.46749Keywords:
Prostate cancer, risk factors, lifestyle, physical activity, body composition, smokingAbstract
Objective: Lifestyle and anthropometric factors may influence prostate cancer (PCa) risk, yet evidence remains inconclusive. This study reports the associations between lifestyle and anthropometric factors and clinically significant PCa (csPCa; ISUP grade > 1) among men with clinical suspicion of PCa.
Materials and methods: In this registered (NCT06116851), single-institution, prospective cohort trial, men referred for PCa diagnostics due to elevated prostate-specific antigen or abnormal digital rectal examination were included. Subjects underwent prostate diagnostics and completed detailed surveys of lifestyle, medical and family history. Physical activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer. Anthropometric assessments included body mass index, waist circumference and magnetic resonance imaging-based body composition analyses.
Results: Among 298 included men, 143 (48%) were diagnosed with csPCa. In multivariate logistic regression, higher physical activity, measured by step count (odds ratio [OR]: 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82–0.99) and active smoking compared to never-smokers (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.14–0.96) were inversely associated with detection of csPCa. Higher prostate-specific antigen density was associated with increased risk (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.39–2.35). Body composition was not associated with csPCa. Study strengths include comprehensive data collection. Primary limitation is partial reliance on self-reported data.
Conclusions: Higher measured physical activity was inversely associated with detection of csPCa in men with suspicion of PCa. Active smoking also showed an inverse association. Both findings merit further investigation.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Elja Heiskanen, Sofia Kalinen, Rui Jian Chu, Mikael Högerman, Tarja Lamminen, Pekka Taimen, Ivan Jambor, Hannu Aronen, Harri Merisaari, Teija Sainio, Antti Hakanen, Otto Ettala, Kirsi Laitinen, Tommi Vasankari, Teemu Kallonen, Peter J. Boström
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