Bone mineral density is close to normal for age in long-term lymphoma survivors treated with high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation

Abstract

Background: Few studies have assessed bone health in lymphoma survivors treated with high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (HDT-ASCT). Therefore, we aimed to assess bone mineral density (BMD) at six different skeletal sites and to investigate associations between clinical factors and BMD in these survivors.

Material and methods: Eligible lymphoma survivors were aged ≥18 years at diagnosis and at HDT-ASCT given between 1987 and 2008. Participants responded to questionnaires, blood samples were drawn, and a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed. Mean Z-score was applied for assessment of BMD in relation to age. Prevalence of Z-scores ≥−1, between −1 and −2, and ≤−2 is reported for each measurement site and for the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and hip in combination. Likewise, T-scores were applied to assess the prevalence of normal BMD (≥−1), osteopenia (between −1 and −2.5), and osteoporosis (≤−2.5).

Results: We included 228 lymphoma survivors, of whom 62% were males. The median age at survey was 56 years, and median observation time from HDT-ASCT was eight years. Among males, Z-scores were lower at the left femoral neck and higher at the ultra-distal (UD) radius and whole body compared to the Lunar reference database. In females, Z-scores were lower at UD radius and one-third (33%) radius and higher at the whole body. Using a classification based on Z-scores at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and hip in combination, 25% of males and 16% of females had Z-scores <−1 and >−2, while 8% and 6% had Z-scores ≤−2. According to T-scores, 35% of males and 41% of females had osteopenia, while 8% and 13% had osteoporosis, respectively.

Conclusion: BMD was close to normal for age in this population of long-term lymphoma survivors treated with HDT-ASCT.