Endobronchial metastases from extrapulmonary solid tumors

Abstract

Malignancy detected during endobronchial biopsies is usually regarded as proof of lung cancer. It may, however, represent endobronchial metastases from extrapulmonary primary tumors. The literature was reviewed to describe how frequent extrapulmonary tumors have been reported to metastasize to the endobronchial epithelium. English language literature was searched from 1962 through 2002. Primary lung cancer and lymphomas were excluded. Endobronchial metastases were reported in 204 patients, originating from 20 different extrapulmonary primary tumors, usually cancers of the breast, kidney, colorectal, uterine cervix, sarcoma and skin. The mean time from diagnosis of primary tumor was 50 months (range 0–300 months) and mean survival time from diagnosis of endobronchial metastasis was 15.2 months (range 0–150 months). It is important to make a distinction between endobronchial metastases from primary lung cancer, as treatment possibilities may be different. The possibility of endobronchial metastasis should be considered if the patient has a history of malignancy in other organs.