Four and five dimensional radiotherapy with reference to prostate cancer – definitions, state of the art and further directions – an overview

Authors

  • Bo Lennernäs Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska Hospital and Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
  • Enrique CastellanoS Department of Oncology/Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital and Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  • Sten Nilsson Department of Oncology/Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital and Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  • Seymour Levitt Department of Oncology/Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital and Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3109/0284186X.2010.530003

Abstract

Radiotherapy (RT) always requires a compromise between tumor control and normal tissue side-effects. Technical innovation in radiation therapy (RT), such as three dimensional RT, is now established. Concerning prostate cancer (PC), it is reasonable to assume that RT of PC will increase in the future. The combination of small margins, a movable target (prostate), few fractions and high doses will probably demand dynamically positioning systems and in real time. This is called four dimensional radiotherapy (4DRT). Moreover, biological factors must be included in new treatments such as hypofractionation schedules. This new era is called five dimensional radiotherapy, 5DRT. In this paper we discuss new concepts in RT in respect to PC.

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Published

2011-06-01

How to Cite

Lennernäs, B., CastellanoS, E., Nilsson, S., & Levitt, S. (2011). Four and five dimensional radiotherapy with reference to prostate cancer – definitions, state of the art and further directions – an overview. Acta Oncologica, 50(sup 1), 104–110. https://doi.org/10.3109/0284186X.2010.530003

Issue

Vol. 50 No. sup 1 (2011): Acta Oncologica

Section

Articles