Effects of orthopedic insoles on patients with knee osteoarthritis: A meta-analysis and systematic review

Abstract

Objective: Recent clinical evidence supports that orthopaedic insoles, especially lateral-wedge insoles, can significantly benefit patients with knee osteoarthritis. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of orthopaedic insoles in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of orthopaedic insoles on patients with knee osteoarthritis, published up to 16 February 2021, were reviewed and outcomes quantitatively summarized. Results: A total of 15 studies from 13 randomized controlled trials that involved 1,086 participants were included in this study. All the included studies exhibited a moderate bias risk and were of acceptable quality. The pooled mean difference of pain determined by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) was ?1.21 (p?<?0.001, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) ?2.61?0.18) with a high heterogeneity (I2?=?75%). In the sensitivity analysis, the overall incidence was ?0.20 (p=?0.62, 95% CI=??0.87?0.46) with an accepted heterogeneity (I2?=?0%). No difference was observed between the Asian and Caucasian groups (p=?0.28). No significant difference was found in the pain score, Lequesne index or functional improvements. Conclusion: Meta-analysis revealed that orthopaedic insoles do not provide relief of pain or improve functionality in patients with knee osteoarthritis