JAK Inhibitors in Down Syndrome: Alopecia Areata Resolution and Vitiligo Improvement with Baricitinib

Authors

  • Federica Li Pomi Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
  • Mario Vaccaro Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
  • Marta Vitale Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
  • Roberta Alaimo Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Cefalù, Italy
  • Francesco Borgia Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.2340/actadv.v105.44081

Keywords:

down syndrome, alopecia areata, vitiligo, Jak inhibitor, Baricitinib

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Hom B, Boyd NK, Vogel BN, Nishimori N, Khoshnood MM, Jafarpour S, et al. Down syndrome and autoimmune disease. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2024; 66: 261–273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-024-08996-2

Waugh KA, Araya P, Pandey A, Jordan KR, Smith KP, Granrath RE, et al. Mass cytometry reveals global immune remodeling with multi-lineage hypersensitivity to type I interferon in Down syndrome. Cell Rep 2019; 29: 1893–1908.e4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.038

Waugh KA, Minter R, Baxter J, Chi C, Galbraith MD, Tuttle KD, et al. Triplication of the interferon receptor locus contributes to hallmarks of Down syndrome in a mouse model. Nat Genet 2023; 55: 1034–1047. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-023-01399-7

Zhou C, Li X, Wang C, Zhang J. Alopecia areata: an update on etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 61: 403–423. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-021-08883-0

Rork JF, McCormack L, Lal K, Wiss K, Belazarian L. Dermatologic conditions in Down syndrome: a single-center retrospective chart review. Pediatr Dermatol 2020; 37: 811–816. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.14214

King B, Ohyama M, Kwon O, Zlotogorski A, Ko J, Mesinkovska NA, et al. Two phase 3 trials of baricitinib for alopecia areata. N Engl J Med 2022; 386: 1687–1699. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2110343

Sáenz LM, Villarreal JDM. Unlocking the potential of baricitinib for vitiligo. Cutis 2024; 114: 95–96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12788/cutis.1093

Rachubinski AL, Wallace E, Gurnee E, Enriquez-Estrada BA, Worek KR, Smith KP, et al. JAK inhibition decreases the autoimmune burden in Down syndrome. eLife 2024; 13: RP99323. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.99323

Galbraith MD, Rachubinski AL, Smith KP, Araya P, Waugh KA, Enriquez-Estrada B, et al. Multidimensional definition of the interferonopathy of Down syndrome and its response to JAK inhibition. Sci Adv 2023; 9: eadg6218. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adg6218

Yamaguchi HL, Yamaguchi Y, Peeva E. Pathogenesis of alopecia areata and vitiligo: commonalities and differences. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25: 4409. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084409

Rachubinski AL, Estrada BE, Norris D, Dunnick CA, Boldrick JC, Espinosa JM. Janus kinase inhibition in Down syndrome: 2 cases of therapeutic benefit for alopecia areata. JAAD Case Rep 2019; 5: 365–367. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdcr.2019.02.007

Liu LY, Strassner JP, Refat MA, Harris JE, King BA. Repigmentation in vitiligo using the Janus kinase inhibitor tofacitinib may require concomitant light exposure. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 77: 675–682.e1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2017.05.043

Published

2025-09-10

How to Cite

Li Pomi, F., Vaccaro, M., Vitale, M., Alaimo, R., & Borgia, F. (2025). JAK Inhibitors in Down Syndrome: Alopecia Areata Resolution and Vitiligo Improvement with Baricitinib. Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 105, adv44081. https://doi.org/10.2340/actadv.v105.44081