Dupilumab for Treatment-refractory Bullous Pemphigoid: A Case Series of Six Patients

Lukac D, Pagani K, McGee JS. Overview of use, efficacy, and safety of dupilumab in complex patients: A retrospective, case-series study from a large, urban academic center. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315: 1777–1781. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-022-02362-y

Kibsgaard L, Rasmussen M, Lamberg A, Deleuran M, Olesen AB, Vestergaard C. Increased frequency of multiple sclerosis among patients with bullous pemphigoid: A population-based cohort study on comorbidities anchored around the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. Br J Dermatol 2017; 176: 1486–1491. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.15405

Akbarialiabad H, Schmidt E, Patsatsi A, Lim YL, Mosam A, Tasanen K, et al. Bullous pemphigoid. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2025; 11: 12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-025-00595-5

Werth VP, Murrell DF, Joly P, Heck R, Orengo JM, Ardeleanu M, et al. Pathophysiology of bullous pemphigoid: Role of type 2 inflammation and emerging treatment strategies (narrative review). Adv Ther 2024; 41: 4418–4432. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-024-02992-w

Kibsgaard L, Bay B, Deleuran M, Vestergaard C. A retrospective consecutive case-series study on the effect of systemic treatment, length of admission time, and co-morbidities in 98 bullous pemphigoid patients admitted to a tertiary centre. Acta Derm Venereol 2015; 95: 307–311. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555-1925

Borradori L, Van Beek N, Feliciani C, Tedbirt B, Antiga E, Bergman R, et al. Updated S2 K guidelines for the management of bullous pemphigoid initiated by the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36: 1689–1704. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.18220

Murrell DF, Joly P, Werth VP, Ujiie H, Worm M, Mangold AR, et al. Study design of a phase 2/3 randomized controlled trial of dupilumab in adults with bullous pemphigoid: LIBERTY-BP ADEPT. Adv Ther 2024; 41: 2991–3002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-024-02810-3

Bech R, Kibsgaard L, Vestergaard C. Comorbidities and treatment strategies in bullous pemphigoid: An appraisal of the existing litterature. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5: 238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2018.00238

Moro F, Fania L, Sinagra JLM, Salemme A, Di Zenzo G. Bullous pemphigoid: Trigger and predisposing factors. Biomolecules 2020; 10: 1432. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10101432

Verheyden MJ, Bilgic A, Murrell DF. A systematic review of drug-induced pemphigoid. Acta Derm Venereol 2020; 100: adv00224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555-3457

Agency EM. Dupixent (dupilumab) an overview of Dupixent and why it is authorised in the EU. 2024.

Cao P, Xu W, Zhang L. Rituximab, omalizumab, and dupilumab treatment outcomes in bullous pemphigoid: A systematic review. Front Immunol 2022; 13: 928621. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.928621

Khalid SN, Khan ZA, Ali MH, Almas T, Khedro T, Raj Nagarajan V. A blistering new era for bullous pemphigoid: A scoping review of current therapies, ongoing clinical trials, and future directions. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 70: 102799. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102799

Beissert S, Werfel T, Frieling U, Böhm M, Sticherling M, Stadler R, et al. A comparison of oral methylprednisolone plus azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of bullous pemphigoid. Arch Dermatol 2007; 143: 1536–1542. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.143.12.1536

Koumprentziotis IA, Niforou A, Tsimpidakis A, Nikolaou C, Stratigos A, Nikolaou V. Dupilumab for the treatment of cutaneous immune‐related adverse events: A systematic review. Int J Dermatol 2025; 64: 1825–1832. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.17850