Cone beam computed tomography imaging of superior semicircular canal morphology: a retrospective comparison of cleft lip/palate patients and normal controls

Abstract

Objective: This study evaluated the prevalence and morphological characteristics of the superior semicircular canal (SSCC) in cleft lip and palate (CL/P) patients using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and methods: CBCT images of 53 CL/P patients (28 males and 25 females) and a control group of 76 patients (42 males and 34 females) were evaluated. Retrospectively, 258 temporal bone images from 129 patients were evaluated in terms of SSCC morphology and divided into a normal pattern (0.6–1.7 mm in thickness), a papyraceous pattern (<0.5 mm), a thick pattern (>1.8 mm), a pneumatized pattern and dehiscent. The chi-squared test was used to compare differences among semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) patterns in the CL/P and control groups; p ≤ .05 was taken to reflect statistical significance.

Results: The characteristics of the SSCC were evaluated on CBCT images in patients with CL/P and controls. In total, 158 (61%) cases were normal (0.6–1.7 mm in thickness), 31 (12%) papyraceous (<0.5 mm), 8 (3%) thick, and 34 (13%) pneumatized. SSCD was observed in 27 (11%) cases. Statistically significant differences between the CL/P and control groups were evident in terms of SSCC morphology (p < .001).

Conclusions: SSCD should be considered if a CL/P patient exhibits a vestibular system deficiency. Oral and maxillofacial radiologists should pay attention to SSCD when interpreting CBCT images. Future studies should use high-level spatial resolution CBCT to focus on cleft site and SSCC morphology in larger patient populations.