Relationship between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis in Vietnamese patients

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to survey periodontal status of Vietnamese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and investigates the association between periodontitis and RA in these patients.

Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study on 150 RA patients and another 150 patients with osteoarthritis (OA). RA was evaluated using the DAS28 disease activity score based on C-reactive protein levels (DAS28-CRP), disease activity classification, and serum levels of RA biomarkers. Periodontal status was determined using periodontal indices.

Results: The proportion of periodontitis cases in the RA group was significantly higher than the OA group (67 and 28%, respectively). The rate of severe periodontitis observed in the RA group was also significantly higher than that in the OA group (22.7 and 8%, respectively). RA patients with periodontitis had higher DAS28-CRP scores, disease activity levels, ACPA positivity and higher serum levels of CRP and ACPAs. Periodontitis is associated with an increased risk for RA (odds ratio [OR]: 5.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.14 − 8.41) and with higher disease activity classification (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.14 − 6.42).

Conclusions: Vietnamese RA patients often presented with a more serious periodontal condition than OA patients. We observed an association between periodontal disease (PD) status and clinic symptoms and biochemical/immunological characteristics of RA.