Effect of diabetes on periodontal status of a population with poor oral health

Abstract

Objective. Diabetes is a global health problem and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of diabetes on the periodontal status of a Pakistani population with poor oral hygiene. Material and methods. Eighty-eight individuals with diabetes and 80 non-diabetic individuals were recruited from a disadvantaged district in Karachi, Pakistan. The group with diabetes comprised 50 males and 38 females, and the non-diabetic group 43 males and 37 females. All underwent clinical and radiographic examination. Results. The average numbers of teeth in the diabetes and non-diabetes groups were 24 and 26, respectively. The odds ratio (OR) for missing or fewer teeth was 2.3 times higher for diabetics than for non-diabetics (CI 1.32–4.14; p<0.001). Diabetic patients had more sites with plaque than did non-diabetics (OR 1.96, CI 0.99–3.88; p<0.056). Moderate to severe periodontitis was significantly more prevalent among diabetic patients (p<0.01). Conclusion. In this disadvantaged population with poor oral hygiene, diabetes has had a strongly negative influence on oral health: diabetic patients have fewer teeth, more plaque, and a higher prevalence of moderate to severe periodontal disease than non-diabetics.