Cross-reactions of multifunctional methacrylates and acrylates

Abstract

Dental acrylic monomers (that is, acrylates and methacrylates) are important occupational sensitizers. Acrylic monomers may also cause allergic reactions in dental care. Unfortunately, acrylic monomers cross-react—that is, allergic sensitization induced by one acrylic compound extends to one or more other acrylic compounds. Therefore, sensitized individuals are often multiallergic and, accordingly, cannot be exposed to any of the compounds. In the present review aspects of cross-reactivity in general and data from animal studies of cross-reactivity of multifunctional methacrylates and acrylates are summarized. A multitude of acrylic monomers is used in dentistry, and when patients or dental personnel become sensitized, it is of great importance to identify the dental acrylic preparations to which the sensitized individual can be exposed. Sensitized dental workers are known to have ceased working in dentistry owing to occupational allergic contact dermatitis or asthma, caused by dental acrylic monomers. Unfortunately, cross-reactivity of acrylic monomers used in dentistry is not sufficiently mapped to enable selection of an appropriate compound for the sensitized person. Another important aspect is that product declarations of dental acrylic materials should show all acrylic compounds present in the products—even acrylic monomers/impurities with lower concentrations than 1%. This could help to select a product that the sensitized individual could use.