Correlational analysis between salivary and blood glucose levels in individuals with and without diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

Authors

  • Laasya Shettigar Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  • Sanchita Sivaraman UBC School of Population and Public Health, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
  • Rohini Rao Department of Data Science and Computer Applications, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  • Sanjana Akhila Arun Department of Data Science and Computer Applications, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  • Aditi Chopra Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  • Shobha U Kamath Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  • Raju Rana Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1080/00016357.2023.2267678

Keywords:

Diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus, saliva, blood, blood glucose

Abstract

Objective: To estimate the association of patient-related demographic, socioeconomic status, physical activity, stress, and dietary factors influencing the relationship between salivary and blood glucose levels in individuals with and without diabetes mellitus (DM).

Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 166 participants with and without DM. Saliva and blood were collected to estimate the glucose levels. Age, gender, occupation, socioeconomic and education level, BMI, hip to waist circumference, stress, dietary pattern, lifestyle, physical activity, family history of diabetes, and type of diabetes were recorded. The association of saliva to predict blood glucose levels was analysed using Spearman Rank Correlation and how these patient-related factors influence the correlation was estimated for future machine learning models. The difference in medians for various groups was calculated using the Mann-Whitney U Test or Kruskal Wallis Test.

Results: Blood glucose level is not significantly correlated to salivary glucose level. However, a statistically significant difference in the median blood glucose levels for diabetic participants (median = 137) compared to healthy controls (p-value < .05) was noted. The correlation between blood and salivary glucose was more positive for higher levels of glucose (Spearman 0.4). Age, alcohol consumption, monthly wages, intake of vegetables, and socioeconomic status affect blood glucose levels.

Conclusion: A correlation between saliva and blood glucose levels in healthy individuals was weak. Saliva should only be used as a monitoring tool rather than a diagnostic tool and is more reliable for patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. 

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Published

2024-03-26

Issue

Vol. 83: (2024) Acta Odontologica Scandinavica

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Research article

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Copyright (c) 2024 Laasya Shettigar, Sanchita Sivaraman, Rohini Rao, Sanjana Akhila Arun, Aditi Chopra, Shobha U Kamath, Raju Rana

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