Antibiotic Prophylaxis of Surgical Site Infections in Cutaneous Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2340/actadv.v103.4469Keywords:
surgical wound infection, antibiotic prophylaxis, observational study, propensity scoreAbstract
The use of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in cutaneous surgery is controversial due to unclear efficacy and, thus, potentially unnecessary side-effects. This prospective observational study analysed the efficacy of oral perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing surgical site infections. Adult patients undergoing cutaneous surgery between August 2020 and May 2021 at Ludwig-Maximilian University Hospital Munich, Germany, without prior signs of infection were eligible. Propensity score weighting was used for covariate adjustment to account for non-randomized treatment assignment. Of 758 included patients, 23 received perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (3.0%). In this group, a surgical site infection occurred in 1 of 45 lesions (2.2%) compared with 76 of 1,189 lesions (6.5%) in the group without perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (735 patients, 97.0%). With covariate adjustment, the odds ratio for the occurrence of a surgical site infection in patients receiving perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis was 0.114 (95% confidence interval 0.073–0.182; p <0.001) on a per lesion level. The number of lesions needed to treat to prevent 1 surgical site infection was 17.6 (95% confidence interval 16.8–19.2). This prospective observational study shows a reduction in the incidence of surgical site infection in cutaneous surgery performed with perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. The large size difference between the 2 study groups limits the study.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Benjamin Kendziora, Kathrin Patzer, Lars E. French, Justin G. Schlager, Daniela Hartmann
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