Diagnostic Challenges of Neurosyphilis: A Case of Lues Maligna with Neuropsychiatric Symptoms

Authors

  • Gabrielė Jonauskaitė Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
  • Inga Česnavičiūtė Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenereology, Vilnius, Lithuania
  • Justė Gavelytė Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenereology, Vilnius, Lithuania
  • Raimonda McGlone Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenereology, Vilnius, Lithuania
  • Tadas Raudonis Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenereology, Vilnius, Lithuania

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.2340/actadv.v106.adv-2025-0089

Keywords:

Diagnosis, Ecthyma, Neurosyphilis, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Syphilis

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References

Ge G, Li DM, Qiu Y, Fu HJ, Zhang XY, Shi DM. Malignant syphilis accompanied with neurosyphilis in a malnourished patient: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7: 2406–2412. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v7.i16.2406

Tudor ME, Al Aboud AM, Leslie SW, Gossman W. Syphilis. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2024.

Talhari C, Arriel K, Serra MS, Veasey JV. Acquired syphilis: update on clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. An Bras Dermatol 2025; 100: 407–421. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abd.2024.11.002

Ha T, Tadi P, Leslie SW, Neurosyphilis DL. Neurosyphilis. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2024.

Boog GHP, Lopes JVZ, Mahler JV, Solti M, Kawahara LT, Teng AK, et al. Diagnostic tools for neurosyphilis: a systematic review. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21: 568. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06264-8

Wibisono O, Idrus I, Djawad K. Malignant syphilis: A systematic review of the case reports published in 2014-2018. Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition) 2021; 112: 725–734. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adengl.2021.05.014

Fisher DA, Chang LW, Tuffanelli DL. Lues maligna: presentation of a case and a review of the literature. Arch Dermatol 1969; 99: 70–73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1969.01610190076014

Lin LR, Zhang HL, Huang SJ, Zeng YL, Xi Y, Guo XJ, et al. Psychiatric manifestations as primary symptom of neurosyphilis among HIV-negative patients. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2014; 26: 233–240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.13030064

Muylaert B, Almeidinha Y, Borelli N, Esteves E, Oliveira AR, Cestari M. Malignant syphilis and neurosyphilis in an immunocompetent patient. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 74: AB152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2016.02.599

Zhu L, Shi M, Peng RR, Gu X, Guan Z, Xu H, et al. Neurosyphilis is more common in malignant syphilis: A case series and review of the literature. Int J STD AIDS 2019; 30: 779–785. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462419826710 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462419826710

Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines – Syphilis. CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2021. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/syphilis.htm

Janier M, Unemo M, Dupin N, Tiplica GS, Potočnik M, Patel R. 2020 European guideline on the management of syphilis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35: 574–588. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16946

Hamill MM, Ghanem KG, Tuddenham S. State-of-the-Art Review: Neurosyphilis. Clin Infect Dis 2024; 78: e57–e68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad437

Klein M, Angstwurm K, Esser S, Hahn K, Maschke M, Scheithauer S, et al. German guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of neurosyphilis. Neurol Res Pract 2020; 2: 33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42466-020-00081-1

Published

2026-02-23

How to Cite

Jonauskaitė, G., Česnavičiūtė, I., Gavelytė, J., McGlone, R., & Raudonis, T. (2026). Diagnostic Challenges of Neurosyphilis: A Case of Lues Maligna with Neuropsychiatric Symptoms. Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 106, adv–2025. https://doi.org/10.2340/actadv.v106.adv-2025-0089

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Short Communication

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