Aspects of Adverse Effects of Cosmetic Products: An Invited Narrative Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2340/actadv.v106.adv-2026-0340Keywords:
cosmetics, adverse effects, contact dermatitis, allergens, safety assessmentAbstract
The use of cosmetic products is ubiquitous around the world. This article reviews the medical literature documenting adverse effects associated with cosmetic product use. An extensive, nonexhaustive literature search was conducted using the PubMed database. Studies reporting adverse effects from cosmetic products were included, encompassing case reports, case series, clinical trials and epidemiological studies. Contact dermatitis is the most common adverse effect associated with cosmetic use, affecting approximately 1–5% of the general population. Additional effects, including respiratory sensitization, photosensitization, workplace exposures and issues specific to pregnancy/lactation, are discussed. The clinical significance of these effects remains poorly understood, particularly regarding long-term exposure and cumulative health impacts. Cosmetic usage can result in a spectrum of adverse effects that represent significant clinical and public health concerns.
Downloads
References
Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 Of the European Parliament and of the Council Of 30 November 2009 on cosmetic products. EC No 1223/2009. [cited 2025 November 30]. Available from: https://health.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2016-11/cosmetic_1223_2009_regulation_en_0.pdf
Ficheux AS, Gomez-Berrada MP, Roudot AC, Ferret PJ. Consumption and exposure to finished cosmetic products: A systematic review. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 124: 280–299. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.060
Fortune Business Insights. Cosmetics market size, share & industry analysis, by category (haircare, skincare, makeup, and others), by gender (men and women), by distribution channel (specialty stores, hypermarket/supermarket, online channels, and others), and regional forecast, 2025-2032. [cited 2025 September 11]. Available from: https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/cosmetics-market-102614
Thakur M, Bala R. Challenges and opportunities of cosmeceutical regulOpportunities of Cosmeceutical Regulations: A global perspecGlobal Perspective. Int J Toxicol 2026; 45: 303–313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10915818251399664
Filaire E, Nachat‐Kappes R, Laporte C, Harmand M, Simon M, Poinsot C. Alternative in vitro models used in the main safety tests of cosmetic products and new challenges. Intern J of Cosmetic Sci 2022; 44: 604–613. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12803
Pistollato F, Madia F, Corvi R, Munn S, Grignard E, Paini A, et al. Current EU regulatory requirements for the assessment of chemicals and cosmetic products: Cchallenges and opportunities for introducing new approach methodologies. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95: 1867–1897. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-021-03034-y
Indolfo NDC, Ganzerla MD, Doratioto TR, Avelino TM, Tofani LB, Peroni LA, et al. Combining a microphysiological system of three organ equivalents and transcriptomics to assess toxicological endpoints for cosmetic ingredients. Lab Chip 2023; 23: 5092–5106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D3LC00546A
Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act of 2022 (MoCRA). [cited 2022 December 29]. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetics-laws-regulations/modernization-cosmetics-regulation-act-2022-mocra
Wang S, Jiang Y, Lyu J, Li J, Diao Q. Adverse reactions to cosmetics reported to the Chongqing adverse drug reaction monitoring centre system in China. Contact Derm 2023; 88: 201–205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.14248
Bains SN, Nash P, Fonacier L. Irritant contact derm Contact Dermatitis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2019; 56: 99–109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-018-8713-0
Simonsen AB, Biel‐Nielsen Dietz J, Johansen JD. Contact dermatitis and related exposuresDermatitis and Related Exposures in Danish Adolescents—Self‐reported data from Reported Data From a Nationwide Questionnaire Study. Contact Derm 2025; 93: 39–48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.14805
Warshaw EM, Raju SI, Fowler JF Jr, Maibach HI, Belsito DV, Zug KA, et al. Positive patch test reactions in older individuals: Rretrospective analysis from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group, 1994-2008. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012; 66: 229–240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2010.12.022
Pesqué D, Planella‐Fontanillas N, Borrego L, Sanz‐Sánchez T, Zaragoza‐Ninet V, Serra‐Baldrich E, et al. Patch test results to the Spanish baseline patch test series according to age groups: A multicentric prospective study from 2019 to 2023. Contact Derm 2025; 92: 120–130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.14702
Warshaw EM, Schlarbaum JP, Silverberg JI, DeKoven JG, Fransway AF, Taylor JS, et al. Contact dermatitis to personal care products is increasing (but different!) in males and females: North American Contact Dermatitis Group data, 1996-2016. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 85: 1446–1455. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.10.003
Patel K, Nixon R. Irritant contact dermatitis – A review. Curr Dermatol Rep 2022; 11: 41–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13671-021-00351-4
Müller-Decker K, Heinzelmann T, Fürstenberger G, Kecskes A, Lehmann WD, Marks F. Arachidonic acid metabolism in primary irritant dermatitis produced by patch testing of human skin with surfactants. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1998; 153: 59–67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.1998.8521
Salomon G, Giordano-Labadie F. Surfactant irritations and allergies. Eur J Dermatol 2022; 32: 677–681. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1684/ejd.2022.4290
Burnett CL, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler D, et al. Final report of the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel on the safety assessment of cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB). Int J Toxicol 2012; 31: 77S–111S. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581812447202
Zirwas MJ. Contact dermatitis to cosDermatitis to Cosmetics. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2019; 56: 119–128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-018-8717-9
Uter W, Aalto‐Korte K, Agner T, Andersen KE, Bircher AJ, Brans R, et al. The epidemic of methylisothiazolinone contact allergy in Europe: Ffollow‐up on changing exposures. Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34: 333–339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.15875
Couteau C, Morin T, Diarra H, Coiffard L. Influence of Cosmetic Type and Distribution Channel on the Presence of Regulated Fragrance Allergens: Study of 2044 Commercial Products. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 59: 101–108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-020-08790-w
Bennike NH, Oturai NB, Müller S, Kirkeby CS, Jørgensen C, Christensen AB, et al. Fragrance contact allergens in 5588 cosmetic products identified through a novel smartphone application. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32: 79–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.14513
Krijl RC, Ipenburg NA, Franken SM, Rustemeyer T. What is the added value of patch testing with 30 fragrance allergens in addition to the European Baseline series? Contact Derm 2022; 86: 390–397. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.14065
Schalock PC, Dunnick CA, Nedorost S, Brod B, Warshaw E, Mowad C, et al. American Contact Dermatitis Society Core Allergen Series: 2020 uUpdate. Dermatitis 2020; 31: 279–282. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/DER.0000000000000621
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Fragrances in Cosmetics. 2022. [cited 2025 December 12]. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/fragrances-cosmetics
COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2023/1545 of 26 July 2023 amending REGULATION (EC) No 1223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards labelling of fragrance allergens in cosmetic products. [cited 2023 July 26]. Available from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1545/oj/eng
Corazza M, Borghi A, Gallo R, Schena D, Pigatto P, Lauriola MM, et al. Topical botanically derived products: Use, skin reactions, and usefulness of patch tests. A multicentre I talian study. Contact Derm 2014; 70: 90–97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.12124
Gilissen L, Huygens S, Goossens A. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by topical herbal remedies: importance of patch testing with the patients’ own products. Contact Derm 2018; 78: 177–184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.12939
Geier J, Schubert S, Reich K, Skudlik C, Ballmer‐Weber B, Brehler R, et al. Contact sensitization to essential oils: ivdk data of the years 2010–2019. Contact Derm 2022; 87: 71–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.14126
Giménez‐Arnau AM, Deza G, Bauer A, Johnston GA, Mahler V, Schuttelaar M ‐L., et al. Contact allergy to preservatives: ESSCA * results with the baseline series, 2009–2012. Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31: 664–671. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.14063
Søgaard R, Kursawe Larsen C, Johansen JD, Schwensen JFB. Trends in Contact Allergy to Preservatives From 2014 to 2023: Benzisothiazolinone on the Rise. Contact Derm 2025; 93: 214–223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.14818
Yazar K, Johnsson S, Lind ML, Boman A, Lidén C. Preservatives and fragrances in selected consumer-available cosmetics and detergents. Contact Derm 2011; 64: 265–272. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.2010.01828.x
Schnuch A, Mildau G, Kratz EM, Uter W. Risk of sensitization to preservatives estimated on the basis of patch test data and exposure, according to a sample of 3541 leave-on products. Contact Derm 2011; 65: 167–174. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.01939.x
Spencer A, Gazzani P, Thompson DA. Acrylate and methacrylate contact allergy and allergic contact disease: Aa 13‐year review. Contact Derm 2016; 75: 157–164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.12647
Hilewitz D, Trattner A, Reiter O, Uvaidov V, Noyman Y, Solomon Cohen E, et al. Pandemic of sensitivity to acrylate containing nail cosmetic among young Israeli women? Result of patch testing 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate in the European baseline series. Contact Derm 2024; 91: 485–490. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.14683
Kwok C, Money A, Carder M, Turner S, Agius R, Orton D, et al. Cases of occupational dermatitis and asthma in beauticians that were reported to The Health and Occupation Research (THOR) network from 1996 to 2011. Clin Exp Dermatol 2014; 39: 590–595. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ced.12367
Havmose M, Thyssen JP, Zachariae C, Johansen JD. Artificial nails and long-lasting nail polish in Danish hairdressers: self-use, occupational exposure and related eczema. Acta Derm Venereol 2022; 102: adv00818. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2340/actadv.v102.4524
Steunebrink IM, de Groot A, Rustemeyer T. Contact allergy to acrylate‐containing nail cosmetics: A retrospective 8‐year study. Contact Derm 2024; 90: 262–265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.14475
Jagodich M, Németh D, Tóth A, Szalai ZZ, Pónyai G. 2‐Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate sensitisation: A 7‐year retrospective stYear Retrospective Study. Contact Derm 2026; 94: 149–157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.70054
Borowska S, Brzóska MM. Metals in cosmetics: Iimplications for human health. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 35: 551–572. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.3129
Ahlström MG, Thyssen JP, Wennervaldt M, Menné T, Johansen JD. Nickel allergy and allergic contact dermatitis: A clinical review of immunology, epidemiology, exposure, and treatment. Contact Derm 2019; 81: 227–241. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.13327
Thyssen JP, Linneberg A, Menné T, Nielsen NH, Johansen JD. No association between nickel allergy and reporting cosmetic dermatitis from mascara or eye shadow: a cross-sectional general population study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010; 24: 722–725. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03506.x
Yoshihisa Y, Shimizu T. Metal allergy and systemic contact dermatitis: Aan overview. Dermatol Res Pract 2012; 2012: 749561. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/749561
Oh JE, Lee HJ, Choi YW, Choi HY, Byun JY. Metal allergy in eyelid dermatitis and the evaluation of metal contents in eye shadows. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 30: 1518–1521. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.13646
Fischer LA, Johansen JD, Menné T. Nickel allergy: relationship between patch test and repeated open application test thresholds. Br J Dermatol 2007; 157: 723–729. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08095.x
Alinaghi F, Zachariae C, Thyssen JP, Johansen JD. Causative exposures and temporal development of cobalt allergy in Denmark between 2002 and 2017. Contact Derm 2019; 81: 242–248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.13326
Kursawe Larsen C, Jensen MB, Isufi D, Zachariae C, Johansen JD, Schwensen JFB. Trends in contact allergy to chromium following the 2015 European Union Leather Regulation. Contact Derm 2026; 94: 67–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.70045
Nedorost S, Wagman A. Positive patch-test reactions to goPatch-Test Reactions to Gold: Patientsʼ perception of relevance and the role of titanium dioxide in cosmetics. Dermatitis 2005; 16: 67–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01206501-200506000-00002
Danesh M, Murase JE. Titanium dioxide induces eyelid dermatitis in patients allergic to gold. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015; 73: e21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2015.03.046
Kicińska A, Kowalczyk M. Health risks from heavy metals in cosmetic products available in the online consumer market. Sci Rep 2025; 15: 316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-83477-2
Saxena M, Warshaw E, Ahmed DDF. Eyelid allergic contact dermatitis to black iron oxide. Am J Contact Dermatitis 2001; 12: 38–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01206501-200103000-00009
Gonçalves Â, Matias M, Salvador JAR, Silvestre S. Bioactive bismuth compounds: Iis their toxicity a barrier to therapeutic use? IJMS 2024; 25: 1600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031600
Li S, Liu Y, Wu Y, Ren L, Lu Y, Yamaguchi S, et al. An outlook on platinum-based active ingredients for dermatologic and skincare applications. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14: 1303. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14151303
Sadrolvaezin A, Pezhman A, Zare I, Nasab SZ, Chamani S, Naghizadeh A, et al. Systemic allergic contact dermatitis to palladium, platinum, and titanium: mechanisms, clinical manifestations, prevalence, and therapeutic approaches. MedComm 2023; 4: e386. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.386
Tuchinda P, Liu Y, Tammaro A, Harberts E, Goldner R, Gaspari AA. Resolution of occupational dermatitis related to manganese exposures. Dermatitis® 2014; 25: 280–281. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/DER.0000000000000065
Uter W, Werfel T, Lepoittevin JP, White IR. Contact aAllergy—Emerging allergens and public health impaAllergens and Public Health Impact. IJERPH 2020; 17: 2404. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072404
Landeck L, John SM, Geier J. Periorbital dermatitis in 4779 patients – patch test results during a 10‐year period. Contact Derm 2014; 70: 205–212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.12157
Ockenfels HM, Seemann U, Goos M. Contact allergy in patients with periorbital eczema: An analysis of allergens. Dermatology (Basel) 2009: 119–124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000245712
Ng A, Evans K, North RV, Jones L, Purslow C. Impact of eye cosmetics on the eye, adnexa, and ocular surface. Eye Contact Lens 2016; 42: 211–220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/ICL.0000000000000181
Huang CX, Yiannias JA, Killian JM, Shen JF. Seven common allergen groups causing eyelid dermatitis: Education and avoidance strategies. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 15: 1477–1490. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S297754
Stingeni L, Foti C, Guarneri F, Corazza M, Cristaudo A, Ferrucci SM, et al. Contact allergy to SIDAPA baseline series allergens in patients with eyelid dermatitis: An Italian multicentre study. Contact Derm 2024; 90: 479–485. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.14507
Berrada-Gomez MP, Bui B, Bondarenko H, Ferret PJ. Particle size distribution in the evaluation of the inhalation toxicity of cosmetic spray products. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 139: 105359. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105359
American Lung Association. Current asthma demoAsthma Demographics. 2020. [cited 2025 December 15]. Available from: https://www.lung.org/research/trends-in-lung-disease/asthma-trends-brief/current-demographics
Lim J, Chang CJ, White AJ, Lo S, Wang H, Goodney GA, et al. Personal care product use and risk of adult-onset asthma: Prospective cohort analyses of U.S. women from the sister studyWomen from the Sister Study. Environ Int 2025; 202: 109681. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2025.109681
Schlueter DP, Soto RJ, Baretta ED, Herrmann AA, Ostrander LE, Stewart RD. Airway response to hair spray in normal subjects and subjects with hyperreactive airways. Chest 1979; 75: 544–548. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.75.5.544
Lehmann P, Schwarz T. Photodermatoses. Dtsch Ärztebl Int 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2011.0135
Kutlubay Z, Sevim A, Engin B, Tüzün Y. Photodermatoses, including phototoxic and photoallergic reactions (internal and external). Clin Dermatol 2014; 32: 73–79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.05.027
Amar SK, Srivastav AK, Dubey D, Chopra D, Singh J, Mujtaba SF. Sunscreen-induced expression and identification of photosensitive marker proteins in human keratinocytes under UV radiation. Toxicol Ind Health 2019; 35: 457–465. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0748233719862128
The European Multicentre Photopatch Test Study (EMCPPTS) Taskforce. A European multicentre photopatch test study. Br J Dermatol 2012; 166: 1002–1009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10857.x
DeLeo VA, Adler BL, Belsito DV, Pratt MD, Sasseville D, Reeder MJ, et al. Photopatch testing: Clinical characteristics, test results, and final diagnoses from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group, 2009–2020. Contact Derm 2024; 91: 465–473. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.14677
Placzek M, Frömel W, Eberlein B, Gilbertz KP, Przybilla B. Evaluation of phototoxic properties of fragrances. Acta Derm Venereol 2007; 87: 312–316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555-0251
Kejlová K, Jírová D, Bendová H, Gajdoš P, Kolářová H. Phototoxicity of essential oils intended for cosmetic use. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24: 2084–2089. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2010.07.025
Victor FC, Cohen DE, Soter NA. A 20-year analysis of previous and emerging allergens that elicit photoallergic contact dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 62: 605–610. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2009.06.084
Shim JH, Shin DW, Noh MS, Lee TR. Reduced collagen internalization via down-regulation of MRC2 expression by UVA irradiation and its recovery by all-trans retinoic acid. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 73: 163–166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.09.006
Eichenfield DZ, Sprague J, Eichenfield LF. Management of acne vulgaris: A review. JAMA 2021; 326: 2055–2067. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.17633
Hecker D, Worsley J, Yueh G, Kuroda K, Lebwohl M. Interactions between tazarotene and ultraviolet light. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999; 41: 927–930. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0190-9622(99)70248-3
Slade HB, Shroot B, Feldman SR, Cargill DI, Stanfield J. Reappraising the phototoxicity of tretinoin: Aa report of four controlled clinical trials. Photoderm Photoimm Photomed 2009; 25: 146–152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0781.2009.00433.x
Kong F, Galzote C, Duan Y. Change in skin properties over the first 10 years of life: Aa cross-sectional study. Arch Dermatol Res 2017; 309: 653–658. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-017-1764-x
Law RM, Ngo MA, Maibach HI. Twenty clinically pertinent factors/observations for percutaneous absorption in humans. Am J Clin Dermatol 2020; 21: 85–95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-019-00480-4
Militello G, Jacob SE, Crawford GH. Allergic contact dermatitis in children. Curr Opin Pediatr 2006; 18: 385–390. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mop.0000236387.56709.6d
Low KY, Wallace M. Prevalence of potential contact allergens in baby cosmetic products. Clin Exp Dermatol 2019; 44: 411–413. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ced.13767
Bolen R, Szymanski T, Nichols J, Pulsipher KJ. Dermatological safety of cosmetic products marketed to children: Insights on the sephora kids phenomenon. J Drugs Dermatol 2025; 24: 949–951. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36849/JDD.8800
Liu N, Bu Z, Liu W, Kan H, Zhao Z, Deng F, et al. Health effects of exposure to indoor volatile organic compounds from 1980 to 2017: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Indoor Air 2022; 32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.13038
Heibati B, Jaakkola MS, Lajunen TK, Ducatman A, Bamshad Z, Eslamizad S, et al. Occupational exposures and respiratory symptoms and lung function among hairdressers in Iran: A cross-sectional study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 94: 877–887. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-020-01645-z
Tomar S, Tiwari RR, Verma G. Occupational respiratory morbidity among hair and beauty salon workers in Udupi taluk, Karnataka, India. Am J Ind Med 2020; 63: 902–906. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.23171
Pesonen M, Koskela K, Aalto‐Korte K. Hairdressers’ occupational skin diseases in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases in a period of 14 years. Contact Derm 2021; 84: 236–239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.13732
Uter W, Strahwald J, Hallmann S, Johansen JD, Havmose MS, Kezic S, et al. Systematic review on skin adverse effects of important hazardous hair cosmetic ingredients with a focus on hairdressers. Contact Derm 2023; 88: 93–108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.14236
Uter W, Hallmann S, Gefeller O, Brans R, Symanzik C, Oppel E, et al. Contact allergy to ingredients of hair cosmetics in female hairdressers and female consumers—An update based on IVDK data 2013–2020. Contact Derm 2023; 89: 161–170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.14363
Vela-Soria F, Gallardo-Torres ME, Ballesteros O, Díaz C, Pérez J, Navalón A, et al. Assessment of parabens and ultraviolet filters in human placenta tissue by ultrasound-assisted extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1487: 153–161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.041
Eslami H, Nemati A, Jamshidi M, Ghaffarian-Bahraman A, Askari SG, Askari FR. Exposure risks to phthalates by cosmetics and personal care products in pregnant women and early life: Urinary levels, mechanisms, biomarkers, and mitigation strategies: Aa review. Chem Biol Interact 2025; 422: 111786. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2025.111786
Almeida-Toledano L, Navarro-Tapia E, Sebastiani G, Ferrero-Martínez S, Ferrer-Aguilar P, García-Algar Ó, et al. Effect of prenatal phthalate exposure on fetal development and maternal/neonatal health consequences: A systematic review. Sci Total Environ 2024; 950: 175080. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175080
Li H, Zheng J, Wang H, Huang G, Huang Q, Feng N, et al. Maternal cosmetics use during pregnancy and risks of adverse outcomes: Aa prospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2019; 9: 8030. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44546-z
Trasande L, Nelson ME, Alshawabkeh A, Barrett ES, Buckley JP, Dabelea D, et al. Prenatal phenol and paraben exposures and adverse birth outcomes: A prospective analysis of U.S. bBirths. Environ Int 2024; 183: 108378. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.108378
Fu J, Yao Y, Huang Z, Guo Z, Chen X, Tang X, et al. Sex-specific and trimester-specific associations of prenatal exposure to bisphenols, parabens, and triclosan with neonatal birth size and gestational age. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58: 13687–13696. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c04940
Wang R, Sun DG, Song G, Guan CY, Cui Y, Ma X, et al. Choline, not folate, can attenuate the teratogenic effects of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) during early chick embryo development. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2019; 26: 29763–29779. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06087-w
Bornehag CG, Lindh C, Reichenberg A, Wikström S, Unenge Hallerback M, Evans SF, et al. Association of prenatal phthalate exposure with language development in early childhood. JAMA Pediatr 2018; 172: 1169–1176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.3115
Published
How to Cite
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All digitalized ActaDV contents is available freely online. The Society for Publication of Acta Dermato-Venereologica owns the copyright for all material published until volume 88 (2008) and as from volume 89 (2009) the journal has been published fully Open Access, meaning the authors retain copyright to their work.
Unless otherwise specified, all Open Access articles are published under CC-BY-NC licences, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for non-commercial purposes, provided proper attribution to the original work.
