Role of cold atmospheric plasma alone or combined with conventional surface treatments on shear bond strength of 3Y-TZP and 5YSZ ceramics bonded with composite resin

Ahmad Abdulkareem Alnazzawi; Mohamed F Aldamaty; Mohammed H. AbdElaziz; Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi; Ahmed E. Farghal; Jamal Qernas Almarashi; Abdel-Aleam H. Mohamed; Mohamad Sohail Zafar

doi:10.2340/biid.v13.45567

Authors

Ahmad Abdulkareem Alnazzawi Department of Substitutive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
Mohamed F Aldamaty Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Almaaqal University, Basrah, Iraq
Mohammed H. AbdElaziz Department of Substitutive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi Department of Substitutive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
Ahmed E. Farghal Department of Substitutive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
Jamal Qernas Almarashi Physics Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
Abdel-Aleam H. Mohamed Physics Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
Mohamad Sohail Zafar Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.2340/biid.v13.45567

Keywords:

adhesive protocol, dental ceramic, surface treatment, translucent zirconia, zirconia primer

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the role of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), alone or in combination with conventional surface treatments, on the shear bond strength (SBS) and failure mode of 3Y-TZP and 5YSZ ceramics bonded to composite resin using two adhesive protocols.

Materials and methods: A total of 200 zirconia specimens (3Y-TZP and 5YSZ) were assigned to five surface-treatment groups: No treatment (control), airborne-particle abrasion (APA), CAP, APA + CAP, and hydrofluoric acid (HF) + CAP. Each group was further divided according to the use of a primer. The zirconia specimens were bonded to composite resin using a self-adhesive cement. After artificial aging, SBS testing and failure-mode analysis were performed. Data were analyzed using appropriate parametric tests (α = 0.05).

Results: Compared with the control group, surface treatments significantly improved SBS (p < 0.001). Applying self-adhesive cement with surface primer further improved SBS (p < 0.001). Different yttria contents of zirconia materials did not impact SBS (p > 0.05). There was no benefit to combining APA and CAP or CAP and HF. Failure modes were predominantly adhesive in the control group and mixed on treated zirconia surfaces.

Conclusions: CAP provides bond strength comparable to APA while potentially minimizing surface damage, supporting its use as a conservative surface-treatment option. Additional combined or aggressive surface treatments do not offer further clinical benefit for bonding zirconia restorations.

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