Comparative effect of polishing and coatings on the surface properties of 3D-printed denture-base resin and teeth: an in vitro study

Yousif A. Al‐Dulaijan; Alawiyyah Alsayed; Mashael Alhejji; Saja Alsuwailem; Jehad Almutiri; Soban Q. Khan; Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad; Shaimaa M. Fouda; Mohammed M. Gad

doi:10.2340/biid.v13.46909

Authors

Yousif A. Al‐Dulaijan Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Alawiyyah Alsayed College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Mashael Alhejji College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Saja Alsuwailem College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Jehad Almutiri Fellowship in Prosthodontics Program, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Soban Q. Khan Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Shaimaa M. Fouda Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Mohammed M. Gad Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.2340/biid.v13.46909

Keywords:

Additive manufacturing, CAD-CAM, surface roughnes

Abstract

Background: The surface properties of three-dimensional (3D)-printed resins remain an area requiring further improvement. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of different polishing and coating protocols on the surface roughness and hardness of 3D-printed denture base resins (DBRs) and denture teeth.

Methods: Two 3D printed resins (ASIGA and NextDent) for DBRs and denture teeth were used to fabricate disk-shaped (15 ×2 mm) specimens. Per resin, 96 specimens (48 for denture base and 48 for teeth) were divided into 4 groups (n=12) according to surface treatment: no polishing-coating (NP-C), conventional polishing (CP), Optiglaze (OG) coating, and PRIZMA seal (PS) coating. Surface roughness (Ra) and hardness were measured using a profilometer and Vickers hardness tester, respectively. The data was analyzed using one & two-way ANOVA, and post-hoc Tukey’s tests (α=0.05).

Results: For both DBR materials, polished and coated groups showed a significant decrease (p<0.001) in Ra compared to the unpolished group (ASIGA: 1.6±0.36 µm; NextDent: 1.13±0.17 µm). Coated groups had lower roughness than the polished group (p<0.05). Similarly, for both printed tooth resins, the unpolished group recorded the highest Ra values and differed significantly from the polished and coated groups (p<0.001). CP showed significantly higher Ra than OG and PS (p<0.001), with no significant difference between the two coated groups. Regarding hardness, no significant differences were found among unpolished, polished, and coated DBR groups (p>0.05), except for the OG group, which showed significantly higher hardness than other groups (p<0.001). Between the two resins, NextDent showed significantly higher hardness than ASIGA only in the OG group (p=0.009). The same trend was observed for printed teeth, where OG coating yielded the highest hardness values.

Conclusion: Surface roughness of 3D printed DBR and denture teeth decreased after polishing and coatings. Coating using OG resin improved the hardness of DBR and denture teeth.

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